naphthalene poisoning inhalation

Immediately or shortly after exposure to a level of 15,000 ppbv of naphthalene in air, a persons eyes, nose or throat may feel irritated. Naphthalene. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA: Human exposure to naphthalene (NA), an acute lung toxicant and possible human carcinogen, is primarily through inhalation. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors that determine actual health risks, if any. Toxic condition caused by ingestion or inhalation of naphthalene and related compounds, commonly found in mothballs and some agricultural insecticides; symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle spasm, and Acute oral and subchronic inhalation exposure of humans to naphthalene has resulted in neurotoxic effects (confusion, lethargy, listlessness, vertigo), gastrointestinal distress, hepatic effects (jaundice, hepatomegaly, elevated serum enzyme levels), renal effects, and ocular effects (cataracts, optical atrophy). Abstract. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information REFERENCES *Abdo KM, Grumbein S, Chou BJ, et al. As the state of the science on naphthalene toxicity continues to evolve, updated toxicity reference value(s) may be required to support human health risk assessment. increase in severity with increasing exposure duration and most effects were observed within a shorter duration Critical effect(s): Decrease in terminal body weight Developmental Toxicity of Naphthalene (CAS No. Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed. Naphthalene poisoning is a rare form of toxicity that may occur after ingestion, inhalation, or dermal Introduction. Toxicity rating: Slightly to Moderately Toxic Health Eects: Can cause cataracts and damage to the retina. Poisoning from naphthalene destroys or changes red blood cells so they cannot carry oxygen. Acute lung toxicity and carcinogenesis are thought to be related because the target sites for both are similar. It is used as the starting material for the synthesis of other compounds, as a moth repellent, soil fumigant and lavatory deodorant. increase in severity with increasing exposure duration and most effects were observed within a shorter duration Critical effect(s): Decrease in terminal body weight Developmental Toxicity of Naphthalene (CAS No. Toxicologists are available 24/7 to provide specific clinical advice, and require the following clinical information: Agent: (drug / substance, name and formulation - immediate or modified release) Beware of the possibility of mixed overdose. Though it is freely available around this country, poisoning has never been reported in the literature. NAPHTHALENE, 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE 219 9. 9-6 Table 9-2. Ojwang, P.J., Ahmed-Jushuf, I.H. Click to see full answer People also ask, can naphthalene balls kill humans? But if managed properly, the patient can have a good outcome. repeated exposure can cause clouding of the eye lens (cataract), which may damage vision. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may also cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and blood in the urine. and Abdullah, M.S. Inhal Toxicol 13:931-950. Route - ingested, inhaled, topical exposure. Naphthalene is a bicyclic aromatic compound that has wide industrial and commercial applications. In the nose, naphthalene exposure was with associated an increage the in incidence and severity of chronic inflammation, metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium, and hyper- plasia of NAPHTHALENE, 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE 219 9. In Azerbaijan, people using the oil Naphthalene moth ball poisoning in children can present with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Toxicity and carcinogenicity study in F344 rats following 2 years of whole-body exposure to naphthalene vapors. If swallowed, naphthalene can damage red blood cells, causing kidney damage and many other problems. Enough absorption can occur by inhalation of naphthalene vapor to cause significant toxicity. Californias Office Naphthalene Inhalation and Cancer - Animal Studies The NTP has conducted naphthalene inhalation cancer Naphthalene poisoning. Shopp, GM; White, KL, Jr.; Holsapple, MP; et al. The results of this study indicate that the LC 50 for naphthalene vapour in Wistar albino rats is greater than 77.7 ppm, (0.4 mg/L) naphthalene. Acute (short- term) exposure of humans to naphthalene by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact is associated with hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and neurological damage. Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a strong smell. Naphthalene, a lung toxicant and possible human carcinogen, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant with widespread human exposure. Phone 13 11 26. However, mothball ingestion by children remains the major source of illness due to naphthalene. Chronic naphthalene poisoning through inhalation may produce a sequence of minor but . This article is for information only. Background: Naphthalene is a naturally occurring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is also manufactured for use in consumer products such as moth repellents and has been associated with a variety of health effects including cancer. Naphthalene has caused cancer in animals. fNaphthalene may damage the liver and kidneys. Naphthalene (mothball) is a commonly used deodorizer in the Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka. It can affect how blood carries oxygen to the heart, brain, and other organs. This can indicate poisoning and should not be taken lightly. The amount necessary to produce lethargy or seizures is not known but may be as little as 12 g. Several infants developed serious poisoning from clothes and bedding that had been stored in naphthalene mothballs. Ingestion: After ingestion naphthalene causes abdominal cramps with nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Human exposure to naphthalene (NA), an acute lung toxicant and possible human carcinogen, is primarily through inhalation. (1984) Naphthalene toxicity in CD-1 mice: general toxicology and immunotoxicology. Both compounds are volatile, and inhalation of vapors may cause eye, nose, and throat irritation. The 77.7 ppm concentration was the highest naphthalene vapour concentration obtainable under the conditions of the study. The poison repels their major enemy, ants, as well as microscopic worms, bacteria and fungus in the soil. It is an organic An upset stomach and vomiting can both be symptoms of moth ball inhalation. Fuels such as petroleum and coal contain naphthalene. Naphthalene-containing mothballs can cause methemoglobinemia on inhalation. Background: Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been associated with health effects, including cancer. Specialized studies have shown that continuous exposure to this product can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Shopp, GM; White, KL, Jr.; Holsapple, MP; et al. The site is secure. Naphthalene is a white solid that evaporates easily. Canadians' exposure to naphthalene is attributed predominantly to indoor air, because indoor air levels generally exceed ambient air levels, and because of the greater time spent indoors. Naphthalene is After being exposed to naphthalene, be alert for the sudden onset of a headache. in extreme exposure or long term inhalation it can cause internal bleeding and liver failure resulting in death Can Termites cause naphthalene poisoning? Incidence of Neoplasms in Male and Female F344/N Rats in a Two-year Dose-Response Information from Five Key Studies of Naphthalene Toxicity . Chief among the uncertainties in risk assessment for NA is whether human lung CYP2A13 and CYP2F1 can mediate NAs respiratory tract toxicity. Route - 2001. Most exposure occurs through low dose chronic inhalation, dermal contact or ingestion through the food chain. Naphthalene poisoning is a rare form of toxicity that may occur after ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure to naphthalene-containing compounds such as mothballs. Poison Center at 1-800-222-1222. (1963) found toxicity in newborn infants when the only exposure was to naphthalene vapor from clothes or blankets treated with naphthalene stored in the infants' rooms or in an adja- cent hall. National Population Estimates for Naphthalene Exposure via Drinking Water .. 9-11 Table 9-3. Abraham BM, Liu TY, Robert A, et al. Vital sign abnormalities include fever, tachycardia, In summary, naphthalene mothball ingestion can present with prolonged haemolytic anaemia and methaemoglobinaemia. Rarely optic neuritis is encountered. Acute exposure to naphthalene by inhalation, in-gestion, and dermal contact is associated with hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and neurological damage. Drinker et al. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Toxicity from naphthalene and paradichlorobenzene is most dangerous with ingestion, but documentation shows that inhalation of vapors and dermal exposure can cause serious effects and irritation to dogs as well. Acute hemolysis may occur, especially in patients with G6PD deficiency. (1984) Naphthalene toxicity in CD-1 mice: general toxicology and immunotoxicology. Clinically, patients present with acute onset of dark brown urine, watery diarrhea, and non-bloody bilious vomiting 48 91-20-3) in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Inhalation of naphthalene may cause skin and eye irritation; gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea; neurologic symptoms, such as confusion, excitement, and convulsions; renal problems, such as acute renal shutdown; and hematologic features, such as icterus and severe anemia. It is also highly flammable. If the nausea does not pass or the vomiting persists, seek medical attention. Exposure to naphthalene and its substituted analogs is predominantly through inhalation although the toxicity of these compounds does not generally require inhalation, that is, parenteral administration produces the same selective damage to lung tissues as inhalation (Mahvi et al., 1977; Tong et al., 1982). Ingestion, either accidental or by deliberate self-harm, can occur due to its abundance as well as its candy-resembling appearance. Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C 10 H 8.It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. persistent signs and symptoms. Exposure to Naphthalene & Jaundice Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Naphthalene Poisoning. The ratings indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. Naphthalene, NTP TR 410 Nonneoplastic lesions attributed to naphthalene exposure were observed in the nose and lungs of mice of both sexes. Breathing in the fumes over a period of time can cause poisoning, too. The substance is banned due to its toxicity to humans, especially children, and its carcinogenic (cancer causing) properties. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. f Exposure to Naphthalene may cause a skin allergy. Naphthalene can be absorbed by the oral, inhalation, and dermal routes of exposure and can cross the placenta in amounts sufficient to cause fetal toxicity. Naphthalene may also damage the liver, kidneys and the eyes. Human exposure to naphthalene (NA), an acute lung toxicant and possible human carcinogen, is primarily through inhalation. The chosen IDLH, therefore, has been estimated from the probable oral lethal dose of 5 to 15 grams for an adult [Gerarde 1960 cited by AIHA 1967]. Clinically, patients present with acute onset of dark brown urine, watery diarrhea, and non-bloody bilious vomiting 48-96 hours after exposure. A 2 year old boy who had accidentally consumed unknown number of moth balls presented 3 d later with vomiting, seizures, methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia and altered sensorium. Naphthalene, NTP TR 410 Nonneoplastic lesions attributed to naphthalene exposure were observed in the nose and lungs of mice of both sexes. Abraham BM, Liu TY, Robert A, et al. Naphthalene can be absorbed by the oral, inhalation, and dermal routes of exposure and can cross the placenta in amounts sufficient to cause fetal toxicity. Acute lung toxicity and carcinogenesis are thought to be related because the target sites for both are similar. As little as 250500 mg may produce hemolysis in a patient with G6PD deficiency. Groups of male and female albino CD-1 mice (approximately 6 weeks old at the start) were administered gavage doses of 0, 5.3, 53, or 133 mg/kg naphthalene (99.3% pure) in corn oil As little as 250500 mg may produce hemolysis in a patient with G6PD deficiency. Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: No useful data on acute inhalation toxicity are available on which to base the IDLH for naphthalene. Rare cases of mothball abuse predominantly by inhalation do occur. The LD 50 is 1.8 g/kg in adult rats. A 33-year-old Sri Lankan woman What mothers-to-be inhale, so does baby so the developing bodies of unborn children are especially susceptible to naphthalene poisoning. Acute exposure of humans to naphthalene by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact is associated with hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and, in infants, neurological damage. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! Ingestion. Naphthalene Toxicity: Methemoglobinemia and Acute Intravascular Hemolysis Abstract. It is used as the starting material for the synthesis of other compounds, as a moth repellent, soil fumigant and lavatory deodorant. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy some of your red blood cells. Abstract. It is also called white tar, and tar camphor, and has been used in mothballs and moth flakes. Toxicity to Animals: WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Naphthalene poisoning occurs primarily as a result of accidental mothball ingestion, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, hematuria and severe respiratory, neurologic and hepatic effects. Use of naphthalene in the domestic environment is associated with the risk of toxicity due to inhalation and ingestion, notably in children. Naphthalene poisoning is an uncommon poisoning due to its pungent smell, taste, insolubility in water, and poor absorption from the gut. Agitation, lethargy, and seizures may occur with naphthalene ingestion. Toxicologists are available 24/7 to provide specific clinical advice, and require the following clinical information: Agent: (drug / substance, name and formulation - immediate or modified release) Beware of the possibility of mixed overdose. Toxicjaundice is notifiable. Accidental poisoning with naphthalene occurs much more commonly than is reported in biomedical literature . Valaes, et al. Naphthalene poisoning is a rare form of toxicity that may occur after ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure to naphthalene-containing compounds such as mothballs. Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers and rodents to naphthalene has been reported to cause cataracts and damage to the retina. Groups of male and female albino CD-1 mice (approximately 6 weeks old at the start) were administered gavage doses of 0, 5.3, 53, or 133 mg/kg naphthalene (99.3% pure) in corn oil The effects of different parameters of the process on naphthalene decomposition in air were investigated. Naftalan or Naphtalan is a type of crude oil.It is named after Naftalan, Azerbaijan, where it is found.It is known for its high naphthalene content and use in alternative medicine.. The amount necessary to produce lethargy or seizures is not known but may be as little as 12 g. Several infants developed serious poisoning from clothes and bedding that had been stored in naphthalene mothballs. Clinically, patients present with Chapter 3: Health Effects: Specific health effects of a given hazardous compound are reported by type of health effect (death, systemic, immunologic, reproductive), by route of exposure, and by length of exposure (acute, intermediate, and chronic). The toxicity database for NAA is complete, except for a subchronic inhalation toxicity study. Classied as a Group C, possible human carcinogen. Naphthalene poisoning is a rare form of toxicity that may occur after ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure to naphthalene-containing compounds such as mothballs. Naphthalene can also irritate the skin. Is the naphthalene that termites give off harmful to humans? Naphthalene causes lung toxicity in mice, but not rats, following either intraperitoneal injection or inhalation exposure. No exposure-related gross pathologic lesions were observed at necropsy. The LD 50 is 1.8 g/kg in adult rats. (Hide) 91-20-3) in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Background: The potential carcinogenicity of naphthalene (NA), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, in human respiratory tract is a subject of intense debate. July 18, 2021. in N. 0. Majority of the cases have been reported in young children with accidental exposure to naphthalene balls . While Naftalan crude oil is too heavy for normal export uses (unlike Azerbaijan's plentiful Caspian Sea oil), it contains about 50 percent naphthenic hydrocarbons.. f Inhaling Naphthalene can irritate the nose and throat. Eye contact. and assesses the significance of toxicity data to human health. In mice, the injury is dose-dependent and Clara cell-specific. Acute lung toxicity and carcinogenesis are thought to be related because the target sites for both are similar. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy some red blood cells, causing a low level until the body replaces the destroyed cells. One of these infants died. f Inhaling Naphthalene can irritate the nose and throat causing coughing and wheezing. Naphthalene poisoning. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Naphthalene and can last for months or years: Mothballs slowly turn from solids to toxic vapor. Late onset anaemia, mild jaundice, urinary color changes, i. It can also cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, seizures and coma. Answer (1 of 2): Termites use naphthalene to protect their nests. Naphthalene toxicity Handling naphthalene must be done with strict caution, as it is a very toxic substance. Symptoms of acute exposure include headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, confusion, anemia, jaundice, convulsions, and coma. Toxicity and carcinogenicity study in F344 rats following 2 years of whole-body exposure to naphthalene vapors. Clinically, patients present with acute onset of dark brown urine, watery diarrhea, and non-bloody bilious vomiting 48-96 hours after exposure. Objectives: We present a systematic evidence map of studies (1985) Naphthalene poisoning following ingestion of moth balls: Case report. Naphthalene poisoning is a rare form of toxicity that may occur after ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure to naphthalene-containing compounds such as mothballs. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Naphthalene is a bicyclic aromatic compound that has wide industrial and commercial applications. In the nose, naphthalene exposure was with associated an increage the in incidence and severity of chronic inflammation, metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium, and hyper- plasia of There may be dysuria, haematuria and an acute haemolytic reaction. Talk to our Chatbot to narrow down your search. Fundam Appl Toxicol 4(3 pt 1):406-419. Inhalation: On inhalation naphthalene cases headache, confusion, excitement, nausea, vomiting and sweating. 1993. Methods: This review is an update for the clinicians to understand the pharmacology, clinical features, laboratory evaluation, and treatment for naphthalene toxicity. Naphthalene poisoning is uncommon but can prove fatal, especially in patients who are G6PD deficient. Phone 13 11 26. Jones (1941) is of the opinion that the skin lesions are produced by direct contamination. Background: Naphthalene ingestion and skin or inhalational exposure (accidental or deliberate) is an under-recognized cause of a severe toxidrome in regions where it is commonly used (e.g., mothballs in households). (1937) consider that the inhalation of the fumes from these processes is the mode of absorp-tion in the cases with hepatic damage. Toilet bowl deodorizers also contain naphthalene. With prolonted exposure to the presence of large numbers of Formosan termites, or to these fungi, it is possible for a person to become toxic by inhalation as naphthalene is quite volatile. Background: The potential carcinogenicity of naphthalene (NA), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, in human respiratory tract is a subject of intense debate. The characteristics of plasma discharge were studied by measuring voltage and current waveforms and the Lissajous figure. Recognizing Symptoms of Exposure to Naphthalene in Mothballs Mothballs can cause various health effects if the exposure is high enough. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy some red blood cells, causing a low level until the body replaces the destroyed cells. Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 490 mg/kg [Rat]. This can cause organ damage. EPA has also reviewed naphthalene toxicity for registration as a non-food use pesticide, and did not derive an inhalation unit risk (EPA, 2008). We determined plasma, lung, and liver levels of naphthalene and naphthalene-glutathione conjugate, a biomarker of naphthalene bioactivation, over time after naphthalene inhalation. f High exposure to Naphthalene can cause headache, fatigue, confusion, tremor, nausea and vomiting. Naphthalene. A case of naphthalene toxicity in a 20-year-old autistic male, who improved with supportive care, red blood cell transfusion, and ascorbic acid and N-acetylcysteine is presented. Carcinogenicity Evidence. Two-year Naphthalene Inhalation Study .. 7-17 Table 7-5. Naphthalene and paradichlorobenzene are two ingredients used in mothballs. naphthalene Toxicology A crystal formed from 2 benzene rings, used for mothballs and insecticide Toxicity Headache, N&V, hematuria; if severe or prolonged exposure, cataracts, convulsions, hepatocellular necrosis and marked hemolysis, especially in Pts with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Objectives: We aimed to assess the in vivo function of CYP2A13 and Inhal Toxicol 13:931-950. Patient history is vital during workup, while detection of methemoglobinemia and cyanosis requires prompt therapy consisting of methylene blue and exchange transfusion. Very high levels of naphthalene can cause headaches and nausea. 2001. by Glossary. 1993. It rarely occurs in suicidal attempts in adults and in accidental ingestion by children. It is best known as the main ingredient of Naphthalene exposure is a common cause of toxicity in older children, but is rarely described in neonates. Most exposure occurs through low dose chronic inhalation, dermal contact or ingestion through the food chain. Fundam Appl Toxicol 4(3 pt 1):406-419. Exposure to naphthalene and its substituted analogs is predominantly through inhalation although the toxicity of these compounds does not generally require inhalation, that is, parenteral administration produces the same selective damage to lung tissues as inhalation (Mahvi et al., 1977; Tong et al., 1982). In 1989 there were 2,300 reported ingestion of naphthalene ball by children under the age of 6 in United States alone . Nausea and Vomiting. Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a distinctive odor. REFERENCES *Abdo KM, Grumbein S, Chou BJ, et al. naphthalene destroys or changes red blood cells so they cannot carry oxygen. Author: Flack-Walker, Faith A Created Date: Inhalation. Naphthalene. In this study, coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, in conjunction with a metal oxide catalyst, was used to degrade naphthalene. f High exposure to Naphthalene can cause headache, fatigue, confusion, tremor, nausea and vomiting. WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE CHARACTERIZATION: Using criteria of the 1986 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, naphthalene is classified in group C, a possible human carcinogen. Abstract. Is it safe to use naphthalene balls? Chief among the uncertainties in risk assessment for NA is whether human lung CYP2A13 and CYP2F1 can mediate NAs respiratory tract toxicity.