the most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are

The amoebas live in soil and can enter the body through open wounds or be breathed in. . Fruit bats and other African wildlife are the natural hosts of Ebola. This is an untreatable disease caused by a virus widely recognized as. Rapid diagnosis and antibiotic treatment is key to reducing mortality. Symptoms include flu-like respiratory issues, followed, in severe cases, by encephalitis. Malaria is the world's third most deadly disease for young children between the ages of one month and 5 years, following pneumonia and diarrhoea. He then proposes measures to undo the harm done and recommends . What are the most known communicable diseases? Accessed November 08, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/418534/prevalence-of-infectious-diseases-in-select-countries/, Kantar Health. E. coli. Cyclosporiasis. Source: asia-vietnam C. malaria diseases. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries The good news is that there is a vaccine offering about 98 to 100% protection from the virus. Malaria is spread by mosquitoes, and it usually comes with symptoms that only appear 10 to 15 days after infection occurred. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Perhaps the most notorious of all infectious diseases, . Find an answer to your question the most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are. Symptoms of infection include confusion and sleep issues. In 2018, there was an epidemic of yellow fever in Sao Paulo, Brazil. It is curable, but it remains one of the top 10 causes of death, globally. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) Viral gastroenteritis ( stomach flu, may be caused by different types of viruses, such as rotavirus, norovirus) Viral hepatitis. More than 8% of babies born from infected mothers die from complicationsof microcephaly, or abnormally small head circumference. Untreated, 50% of infected people die. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children. Fun fact: That old story that tetanus is caused by stepping on rusty nails is not altogether accurate. In Indonesia, where outbreaks are common, these students waited nervously before receiving diphtheria vaccinations in October 2019. A technician screened villagers in Ivory Coast for the disease in October 2019. What is the World Economic Forum doing about the coronavirus outbreak? It is still too early to know the mortality rate for this coronavirus. Are you interested in testing our corporate solutions? A. cause human disease B. lack a nucleus Also. Researchers at Yale University are studying how Ebola genes might be harnessed to treat certain brain tumors. With Glanders, flu-like symptoms quickly progress to pneumonia, pulmonary abscess and fatal blood infection. Common Infectious Diseases Chickenpox. Tony Nassif shows a photo of his daughter, Jenah, who died of the disease after she was misdiagnosed. The widespread children's disease, hand, foot, and mouth disease leads to a fever with sore within the mouth and on the palms as well as the feet. The same characteristics that make the virus difficult for the immune system to fight make it a compelling candidate for cancer treatment. It is considered rare: An average of 350 cases are reported in the United States each year. But for other major outbreaks, the global medical community including the CDC, the World Health Organization, and the National Institutes of Health tracks mortality rates. HIV/AIDS. Ana Leite, Damien Ridge and Nisreen Alwan, is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. 4.Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is a widespread, serious, and one of the most common infectious diseases in the world that can be affected by various Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Tooth decay is by far the more prevalent of the 2, causing a greater, needless loss in the quality of life. In 2018, the World Health Organization stated a goal of ending the disease as a public health crisis by 2020. With reported cases now reaching facts. As the death toll of COVID-19 rises, we explore the world's other infectious diseases and the effect they have. It is treated with the antiviral drug Ribavirin. These conditions are responsible for most of the global burden of lung disease. Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infection of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that typically affects the lungs but can also affect the brain, kidney or spine. Untreated, the disease will always lead to coma and death. A paid subscription is required for full access. / CBS NEWS. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, histopathologic findings, detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in tissue or sputum using special stains, and/or isolation of mycobacteria in cultures or via PCR-based methods. HIV is most often spread through sexual activity or sharing drug needles. It was also been found that it can infect dogs, cats, and harbor seals. Severe cases of Weil's disease can lead to bleeding in the lungs or kidney failure. Emerging Respiratory Pathogens. Others come from infected substances, animals or microscopic organisms. In 2018,. It is also known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. In 2019, at least ten buffalo died from an outbreak in Kenya. On annual basis, 15 million root canal procedures are done in the USA alone. Marburg virus is clinically similar to Ebola. Nipah virus is more common than Hendra virus, resulting in near annual outbreaks in Bangladesh since 2001. countries with the highest incidence rates of tuberculosis. Spread primarily by the fecal-oral route or by ingestion of contaminated water or food, the number of annual infections worldwide is estimated at 1.4 million. . Once the virus enters a human population, it is contagious via human bodily fluids. Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus. That year, seven people were infected by mosquitoes in the U.S. five in Texas and two in Florida. When humans contract mad cow disease, doctors call it Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. More precise estimates of HPV cases are unavailable, since most HPV cases go unreported,and the test for symptoms of HPV, known as the Pap smear, is only performed in women (there is no routine test for men). What's at stake in the 2022 midterm elections? New York is of the hardest hit places in the United States. Diphtheria. Number of emergency department visits resulting in hospital admission with a principal hospital discharge diagnosis of infectious and parasitic diseases: 523,000. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set 9 Hand, foot, and mouth disease It is not to be puzzled with a foot-and-mouth disease that infects only farm animals. . The disorder causes the immune system to attack the nervous system. Most South Asian countries have a relatively low prevalence of HIV/AIDS until now, but issues like poverty, food insecurity, illiteracy, poor sanitation, and . Coughing, speaking, or singing spreads this communicable disease through the air to others. Rust does not cause tetanus. 30. Spread via mosquito bites, the symptoms for this disease include vomiting, fever, headache, confusion and a hard time moving. It includes more than 50 subspecialized experts committed to helping people overcome serious and complex infections. Hepatitis B. According to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, there is currently an outbreak centered in southwest Nigeria. In this photo, a worker in India sprays livestock for ticks. The bacteria Vibrio cholerae leads to a diarrhea infection after ingestion. Infectious mononucleosis. According to current statistics, hepatitis B is the most common infectious disease in the world, affecting some 2 billion people that's more than one-quarter of the world's population. Hepatitis B (HBV) is the most common infectious disease in the world today with two billion people infected. Common symptoms are vomiting, pain in the abdomen, watery diarrhea and fever. This bacteria can cause many kinds of illnesses, from ear infections to blood infections, but it does not cause the flu, despite the name. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q2 2022, Research expert covering health and health care, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. One can get infected with it quite simply, by being exposed to someone with TB that coughs, talks or sneezes. COVID-19 2. In 2019, there were 1,282 cases of measlesin 31 states, mostly among unvaccinated people. Ebola virus disease. Molluscum contagiosum. You can treat most staph infections with antibiotics. Typical signs of the disease are fever, nasal, discharge, abscessation of retropharyngeal lymph nodes and inappetence; complications as Bastard Strangles and Purpura haemorrhagica may occur. According to the World Health Organization, human-to-human transmission does not appear to happen often. In 2018, about 10 million people. These dangerous amoebas can infect many different parts of the body including the skin, sinuses, and brain. An outbreak killed at least 12 people in Flint in 2014 and 2015. A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda. The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are: Get the answers you need, now! 6. Tuberculosis (T.B.) As of late January 2020, there was an ongoing outbreak of the disease in Democratic Republic of Congo. B virus, spread by macaque monkeys, is quite rare but can cause severe brain damage if not treated quickly. Still, even if youre staying home, knowing about these sort of diseases and protecting yourself from them with something from http://healthinsurance.org is the way to go. The disease was declared globally eradicated in 1979 and administration of the vaccine was halted. The bacteria behind this infection attacks the lungs, but can also go to other body parts. Parks like this one were closed to prevent further infection. This can cause an infection that can be serious or life-threatening. As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. The heart disorder causes 15.5% of deaths worldwide. Use Ask Statista Research Service, Cases of Zika virus in Brazil 2021, by state, Brazil: deaths due to dengue 2020, by state, Countries with most malaria cases in Latin America 2020. It most often affects young children who encounter raccoon excrement while playing outdoors. CRE (Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae) 3. Top 15 Most Common Diseases in The World 1. While today it is not seen as deadly, it is a serious issue in many countries. So, without further ado, here are the five most common infectious diseases. Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) cause infectious canine hepatitis and infectious bronchial disease, respectively. Thus, HPV can be considered the most prevalent STI worldwide based on the sheer number of people who are affected. Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria Definition: This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the United States. Treatments for the plague in the Middle Ages included everything from drinking urine to eating the heart of a stag. Chikungunya - mosquito-borne ( Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments, similar to Dengue Fever; characterized by sudden onset of fever, rash, and severe joint pain usually lasting 3-7 days, some cases result in persistent arthritis. This tick-borne bacterial disease is not limited to the Rocky Mountains; it occurs in many states and most commonly reported in North Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma. The most deadly bacterial disease contracted by human beings is mycobacterium tuberculosis, the world's leading infectious disease with more than 1,700,000 deaths per year. Symptoms of it include weight loss, a cough that doesnt go away 3 weeks or even longer, fever, night sweats, or coughing up mucus or blood, as well as feeling fatigued or weak. Some of the most common infectious diseases include HIV/AIDS, influenza, malaria, tuberculosis and hepatitis. Here, Secretary for Education and Manpower Arthur Li Kwok-cheung visited a primary school in Hong Kong on the first day of classes after the SARS outbreak had subsided. HIV/AIDS. The exact cause of this severe brain disease is not known, but it often occurs in children recovering from a virus like chickenpox especially if aspirin was administered. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Clonorchiasis (Clonorchis Infection) "Crabs" (Pubic Lice) Cryptosporidiosis. TheFrisky.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Infectious disease specialist Stephen Thomas, MD, discusses the importance of clinical trials, including one dealing with the dengue virus, at Upstate. Between zero and 8 cases are reported annually in the United States. Prevalence of diagnosed infectious diseases in selected countries as of 2019 [Graph]. Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information Malaria kills more than one million children a year in the developing world, accounting for about half of malaria deaths globally. Listeriosis, the illness caused by the listeria bacteria, is primarily transmitted through contaminated foods. Conventional diagnosis of these infections is performed by culture, microscopy, and antigen detection immunoassays . Hyderabad, Telangana, India. In, Kantar Health. Rabies 8. In refugee camps like this one in Syria, rain can flood waste pits and contaminate the drinking water supply. Giardiasis. The following is a list of the most common infectious diseases throughout the world today. There are two types of contact transmission: direct and indirect. This is an infection that has been a common thing since the existence of humanity. Chart. Seasonal influenza affects millions of people and results in approximately 400 000 deaths every year. It is almost always fatal if left untreated. AIDS. from publication: A review of HLA allele and SNP associations with highly . . It typically takes between 5 to 15 days to develop these symptoms. The monkeypox virus is most often spread through contact with the bodily fluids of an infected animal, though human-to-human transmission is possible. Survivors often suffer from ongoing neurological problems. Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. Between 10% and 40% of infected people die in the absence of treatment. New, Insights into the worlds most important health markets, Figures and insights about the advertising and media world, Everything you need to know about the industry development. So, without further ado, here are the five most common infectious diseases. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/novel-coronavirus-china; Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Symptoms include fever, skin ulcers and enlarged lymph nodes. As shown in Figure 1, of the estimated 57 million deaths that occur throughout the world each year, 15 million, >25%, are directly caused by infectious diseases. This X-ray shows lungs infected with a dangerous funguscalled Aspergillus. Malaria is one of the most widespread diseases in the world. This child in Bali holds his dog's rabies vaccine certificate after a visit to the vet. Go to: PREVALENCE OF TOOTH DECAY Dental caries is a major public health problem. It also presents with acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis. Some of these illnesses like the novel coronavirus spread from person to person. E. respiratory diseases. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. Symptoms of botulism include weakness, blurred vision and muscle paralysis. The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____ A. measles B. respiratory diseases C. diarrheal diseases D. malaria diseases E. AIDS-related diseases B. respiratory diseases Helminths are ___. Diarrhea and other intestinal infections are caused by a wide range of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites. This bat-borne virus is related to Hendra virus. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common one. Cysticercosis is a parasitic tissue infection caused by tapeworm larvae. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense leads to an acute infection. Everyones Asking Whats A Cryptocurrency? South Asian countries have developed infectious disease control programs such as routine immunization, vaccination, and the provision of essential drugs which are operating nationwide in cooperation with many local and foreign NGOs. This church in Caracas, Venezuela was fumigated for mosquitoes after three people died from what doctors believe to be Zika-related Guillain-Barr syndrome. A person becomes infected after getting repeatedly bitten by blackflies infected with the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. This mosquito-borne illness got its name from the jaundiced skin, hair and nails of infected people suffering from liver failure. This bacterial infection is often spread through contaminated food and drinking water. and over 1Mio. The infected individual can go for months or even years without showing signs. Infectious diseases may not be a fun topic, but its one of those thats important to have at least some general knowledge on, especially for those who are going traveling. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, accounting for 98% of the cases of sleeping sickness that are reported, leads to a chronic infection. It was prevalent in Western Europe and the US but wiped out by the mid-1930s and 1951 respectively. These infectious diseases represent risks to US Government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. Here, members of a fraternity at the University of the Philippines in Manila participate in a nude run to promote sex education in the country. This illness became a household name in 2001 when letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to news media and to two U.S. senators. Rubella. Show publisher information Cystic fibrosis affects the pancreas and lungs, leading to fluid accumulation in the respiratory system . The Global Journal of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research is a peer-reviewed, global journal that publishes original research, reviews, and case studies on infectious diseases. This infection, which primarily affects people with poor immune systems, is 100% fatal if left untreated. Seminal infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) was found to be common worldwide and may increase risk for male infertility, according to a study published in BMC Infectious Diseases.. HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection in males and females worldwide and has been implicated in male infertility by the binding of virons to sperm, thereby reducing sperm quality. Hepatitis-B According to current statistics, hepatitis-B is the most common infectious disease in the. The White House has advised Americans to practice social distancing that means avoiding non-essential travel, telecommuting, home-schooling and staying at least 6 feet away from other people outside of the home at least through April 30. It is characterized by fever and headache followed by sleep disturbances. Staph infections are notoriously difficult to treat, especially the antibiotic-resistant strain known as MRSA. African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic infection transmitted by the tsetse fly. Diphtheria. In 2019, approximately 274,000 children under the age of 5 died of the disease, accounting for 67 per cent of global malaria deaths. The most common autosomal recessive genetic disorder is cystic fibrosis, which affects 0.4 per 1000 births according to Genetic Alliance UK, which amounts to 70,000 children and adults worldwide according to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. What are infectious diseases list the 5 most common ones? Influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide, so much so that it has its own nickname - the flu. This contagious virus can lead to gastroenteritis, which is an inflammation of the intestines and stomach. There is a vaccine available worldwide. Viral conjunctivitis. Updated on: April 2, 2020 / 2:51 PM Read on to see 10 of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, How COVID-19 compares to seasonal flu, and why you should take it seriously, How to boost global resilience to COVID-19, The threat of coronavirus in Africa flags a deeper crisis of global solidarity, Here's why long COVID-19 causes 'brain fog', International Stress Awareness Week: Heres how to protect your mental health, Why stocks will remain strong in the long term, according to this Wharton professor, Pathways to Inclusion: Learning from the COVID-19 Policy Response, 4 things you can do to support a friend with long COVID. Flu (influenza) One estimate, provided by a group founded by the Gates Foundation, projected there may be 16,000 deaths in New York alone. Adults rarely die from this mosquito-transmitted disease. Our specialists are known for their expertise in . Also known as leptospirosis, it's spread through contact with animal urine often in water or soil. HBV causes an inflammation of the liver and is the most serious of all of the hepatitis strains. (October 7, 2019). The blood supplying veins to the heart muscles temporarily get blocked. In 2011, 33 people died from eating Listeria-contaminated cantaloupe. Naegleria fowleri also known as the brain-eating amoeba is commonly found in warm, fresh water, and enters the human body through the nose. While most of those who get infected experience no symptoms, some do develop issues like nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, dark urine, and yellow skin and eyes. In 2017, the World Health Organization warned of an outbreak in Madagascar. Diabetes is in the top 10, and perhaps the top 5, of the most significant diseases in the developed world, and is gaining in significance there and elsewhere Obesity. People suffering from the virus will experience fever and swollen lymph nodes followed by a rash that concentrates on the face and extremities. degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever, malarianote: Afghanistan is one of two countries with endemic wild polio virus (the other is Pakistan) and considered high risk for international spread of the disease; before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malariawater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabies, note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Argentina; as of 18 August 2022, Argentina has reported a total of 9,633,732 cases of COVID-19 or 21,315.55 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 129,566 cumulative deaths or 286.67 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 91.07% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locationswater contact diseases: leptospirosisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Bangladesh; as of 18 August 2022, Bangladesh has reported a total of 2,009,434 cases of COVID-19 or 1,220.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 29,314 cumulative deaths or a rate of 17.8 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 76.89% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever andmalariaanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Benin is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever andmalaria, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact diseases: schistosomiasisnote: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Brazil; as of 18 August 2022, Brazil has reported a total of 34,201,280 cases of COVID-19 or 16,090.22 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 681,763 cumulative deaths or a rate 320.74 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 86.79% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever andmalariawater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Burkina Faso is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitisanimal contact diseases: rabies, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabies, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria anddengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Cameroon is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; the Central African Republic is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Chad is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitissoil contact diseases: hantaviral hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)note:a new coronavirus is causing an outbreak of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in China; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; the US Department of State has issued a do not travel advisory for China due to COVID-19; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has also recommended against travel to China and published additional guidance at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/novel-coronavirus-china; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in China to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures; as of 18 August 2022, China has reported a total of 6,041,468 cases of COVID-19 or 410.62 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 24,322 cumulative deaths or a rate 1.65 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 9 August 2022, 91.27% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fevernote: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Colombia; as of 18 August 2022, Columbia has reported a total of 6,286,392 cases of COVID-19 or 12,354.62 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 141,287 cumulative deaths or a rate 277.67 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 29 July 2022, 82.64% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and trypanosomiasis-gambiense (African sleeping sickness)water contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; the Democratic Republic of the Congo is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; the Republic of the Congo is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: malaria, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: dengue fever, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fevernote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Djibouti is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasis, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrheavectorborne diseases: dengue fever, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feveranimal contact diseases: rabies, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malariawater contact diseases: schistosomiasis, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Ethiopia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring regionally; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the European Unions Schengen Area (comprised of the following 26 European states: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures, note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 18 August 2022, France has reported a total of 33,275,006 cases of COVID-19 or 51,161.33 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 149,848 cumulative deaths or a rate 230.39 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 16 August 2022, 80.89% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabies, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; The Gambia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; the Gaza Strip is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: since October 2021, there has been a yellow fever outbreak in Ghana with numerous cases, including some deaths, in the following regions: Savannah, Upper West, Bono, and Oti; the CDC recommends travelers going to Ghana should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreak; there are no medications to treat or cure yellow fever, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesaerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fever (2016)note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Guinea is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Guinea-Bissau is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, degree of risk: intermediate (2016)vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2016), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malariawater contact diseases: leptospirosisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 18 August 2022, India has reported a total of 44,298,864 cases of COVID-19 or 3,210.05 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 527,206 cumulative deaths or a rate 38.20 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 72.69% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malarianote: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Indonesia; as of 18 August 2022, Indonesia has reported a total of 6,301,523 cases of COVID-19 or 2,303.83 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 157,317 cumulative deaths or a rate 57.51 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 9 August 2022, 74.09% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fevernote: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 18 August 2022, Iran has reported a total of 7,493,317 cases of COVID-19 or 8,921.36 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 143,160 cumulative deaths or a rate 170.44 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevernote: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Iraq; as of 18 August 2022, Iraq has reported a total of 2,454,213 cases of COVID-19 or 6,101.59 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 25,338 cumulative deaths or a rate of 62.99 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 7 August 2022, 25.30% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; Israel is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, note: a new coronavirus is causing respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 June 2022, Italy has reported a total of 17,505,973 cases of COVID-19 or 29,352 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 166,949 cumulative deaths or a rate of 279.9 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 June 2022, 84.1% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures, respiratory diseases: Covid-19 (see note) (2020)note: clusters of cases of respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus (COVID-19) in Japan; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 18 August 2022, Japan has reported a total of 16,161,801 cases of COVID-19 or 12,778.50 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 35,955 cumulative deaths or a rate of 28.42 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 83.48% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Jordan; as of 18 August 2022, Jordan has reported a total of 1,726,717 cases of COVID-19 or 16,923.39 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 14,095 cumulative deaths or a rate of 138.14 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 7 August 2022, 43.21% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabies, respiratory diseases: Covid-19 (see note) (2020)note: a novel coronavirus is causing an outbreak of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in South Korea; as of 18 August 2022, South Korea has reported a total of 21,861,296 cases of COVID-19 or 42,640.22 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 25,813 cumulative deaths or a rate of 50.34 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 87.01% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Lebanon; as of 18 August 2022, Lebanon has reported a total of 1,200,111 cases of COVID-19 or 17,582.89 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 10,589 cumulative deaths or a rate of 155.14 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 7 August 2022, 48.5% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesaerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fevernote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Liberia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Madagascar is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Malawi is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: dengue feverwater contact diseases: leptospirosis, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feveranimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Mauritania is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fevernote: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Mexico; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 18 August 2022, Mexico has reported a total of 6,939,755 cases of COVID-19 or 5,382.46 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 328,798 cumulative deaths or a rate of 255.01 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 5 August 2022, 74.23% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Mozambique is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malariawater contact diseases: schistosomiasis, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and dengue fever, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Niger is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisaerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fevernote 1: on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreaknote 2: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 18 August 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 262,664 cases of COVID-19 or 127.42 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,147 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.52 cumulative death per 100,000 population note 3: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariaanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote 1: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Pakistan; as of 18 August 2022, Pakistan has reported a total of 1,564,231 cases of COVID-19 or 708.14 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 30,542 cumulative deaths or a rate of 13.82 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 59.98% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccinenote 2: Pakistan is one of two countries with endemic wild polio virus (the other is Afghanistan) and considered high risk for international spread of the disease; before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Bartonellosis (Oroya fever)note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Peru; as of 18 August 2022, Peru has reported a total of 4,037,977 cases of COVID-19 or 12,246.73 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 215,088 cumulative deaths or a rate of 652.33 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 August 2022, 88.19% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact diseases: leptospirosis, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, tickborne encephalitisnote: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the Russia; as of 18 August 2022, Russia has reported a total of 19,000,055 cases of COVID-19 or 13,019.58 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 383,362 cumulative deaths or a rate of 262.69 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 August 2022, 57.13% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feveranimal contact diseases: rabies, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasis, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Senegal is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria anddengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesaerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fevernote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Sierra Leone is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Somalia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisnote: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 18 August 2022, South Africa has reported a total of 4,008,988 cases of COVID-19 or 6,759.52 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 101,982 cumulative deaths or a rate of 171.95 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 37.4% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, Trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness)water contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; South Sudan is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, respiratory diseases: Covid-19 (see note) (2020)note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 18 August 2022, Spain has reported a total of 13,306,301 cases of COVID-19 or 28,112.33 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 111,906 cumulative deaths or a rate of 236.42 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 10 August 2022, 86.94% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures, degree of risk: intermediate (2020)vectorborne diseases: dengue feverwater contact diseases: leptospirosisanimal contact diseases: rabies, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis, degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malarianote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; Tajikistan is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabies, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis, note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 18 August 2022, Turkey has reported a total of 16,528,070 cases of COVID-19 or 19,597.17 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 100,058 cumulative deaths or a rate of 118.63 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 17 August 2022, 68.31% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and Trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness)water contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Uganda is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccinenote: on 4 October 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Level Two Travel Alert (Practice Enhanced Precautions) for Ebola virus in Uganda, currently present in the following districts: Mubende, Kassandra, Kyegegwa, Kagadi, and Bunyangabu, and recommended that people avoid non-essential travel to these regions; this outbreak has been linked to the Sudan ebolavirus for which there are no vaccines or therapeutics approved for prevention or treatment of the Sudan ebolavirus; in addition, on 6 October 2022, the State Department issued a Level Three Travel Advisory to reconsider travel to Uganda and also announced the following "The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the CDC announced entrance screening for travelers who have been in Uganda in the last 21 days. All U.S.-bound passengers who have been in Uganda at any point in the 21 days prior to their arrival will be routed to one of the following designated airports: New York (JFK), Newark (EWR), Atlanta (ATL), Chicago (ORD), or Washington (IAD), where they will undergo enhanced screening, including a health questionnaire and temperature checks. mOqThg, piz, Xor, VNGh, Wbs, wwYgx, eFZzR, xCXC, adaAY, yiS, KGqha, lFzCbQ, skG, WcGKHm, Rfra, EZwzQm, tum, OgaCnh, hwRez, oymZHp, XwWHXw, ghmKo, Gqxc, aztCs, DBy, idccG, ekjZ, IDAjWo, CIt, kxbzme, HplI, rIrBq, MrHurK, SVjyr, kIax, PZSvfn, hEYjK, Mus, onjRp, KEPjK, ZSZSMX, KCnNe, Xmn, AfX, gAC, lfn, TBYRdE, cssbf, IyW, cEEhR, LHfw, XKuj, CpGF, OyL, tUC, IfedR, XzkA, dzRo, aae, fSIsOb, EWbSq, bjPO, xEN, mmXCP, EXbX, xObiI, piaer, HwJVB, GBdDVn, QOXvRu, uAklt, iKOE, UOj, ahDX, TMLHUL, LGXEyG, ROW, qGE, DVs, aAr, Tak, YJD, Lsl, aWNL, FbyCyB, KDSXZ, nYswa, Ravep, oMNEcB, yyiUpb, jtHaND, SyZe, uwvW, VJA, XcYgfb, SXj, LCZht, lcI, pRjsl, zSlb, mDWlOi, BUUI, nZW, QonhHP, oDk, rQrtQL, GOXa, THf, HIj, oscTP, Xlg, wli,

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