additional protocol ii geneva convention

See also Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), June 8, 1977, above. Answer (1 of 7): The United States is a party to the Geneva Conventions. More importantly, the two . facts alleged to be a grave breach as defined in the Conventions and this Protocol or other serious violation of the Conventions or of this Protocol; (ii) facilitate, through its good offices, the restoration of an attitude of respect for the . Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed Conflicts, 1st session:20.02.1974 - 29.03.1974, Geneva; 2nd session:03.02.1975 - 18.04.1975, Geneva; 3rd session:21.04.1976 - 11.06.1976, Geneva; 4th session:17.03.1977 - 10.06.1977, Geneva, English, Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French, Russian, Official Records of the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed Conflicts, Bern, Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, 1978, Protocol II is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts. Protocol I and II of the Geneva Convention Summary - Read online for free. These negotiations resulted in Article 3, common to all four of the basic treaties of the Geneva Conventions of 1949. 4 0 obj The scope of these laws is more limited than those of the rest of the Geneva Conventions out of respect for sovereign rights and duties of national governments. It is supplement by two further Protocols (1977) which contain important provisions relating specifically to protection of cultural property. The Geneva Convention (1949) contains certain provisions that specifically forbid intentional or gratuitous damage to undefended cultural heritage by invading or occupying forces. Place. meet the threshold requirements needed to trigger the application of Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions (AP II).1 AP II remains significant as it is the most comprehensive treaty aimed at regulating non-international armed conflicts. So that actually could be, among many other things, what Fred turns Serena into Tuello for. The Forth Geneva Convention is the first conventions that deal with humanitarian protections for civilians in a war. 1 0 obj On August 12, 1949, the third and the fourth Geneva Conventions were adopted (the first and second were updated) in response to war crimes committed during World War II. this protocol, which develops and supplements article 3 common to the geneva conventions of 12 august 1949 without modifying its existing conditions of applications, shall apply to all armed conflicts which are not covered by article 1 of the protocol additional to the geneva conventions of 12 august 1949, and relating to the protection of So do the prohibitions on torture, humiliating, degrading or cruel treatment and acts of terorism, also contained in Article 4. The Encyclopedia is a project of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights launched on 2 December 2013. Our innovative products and services for learners, authors and customers are based on world-class research and are relevant, exciting and inspiring. Summary of national and international responses, Heritage and Conflict: International Conference, Santander, Statement concerning the recording of destruction. The Protocol does not apply to 'situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence and other acts of a similar nature, as not being armed conflicts.'. The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their 1977 Additional Protocols constitute the heart of international humanitarian law. prohibits attacks on civilian population and civilian objects (such as cultural property), restricting the lawful object of attack to military objectives. in the last three decades, at least 23 of africa's 54 states have been involved in armed conflict. The development of the Geneva Conventions was closely associated with the Red Cross, whose founder, Henri Dunant, initiated international negotiations that produced the Convention for the Amelioration of the Wounded in Time of War in 1864. Second, that international law does not apply to non-international situations. Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 - ICRC in the Business, Finance & Law category for sale in Johannesburg (ID:572450879) Buy Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 - ICRC for R100.00. State parties (174) - State signatories (3) The present Protocol brings mainly the following innovations: Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions, "Geneva Protocol II" redirects here. Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the It defines certain international laws that strive to provide better protection for victims of internal armed conflicts that take place within the borders of a single country. The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts was adopted on 8 June 1977. Switzerland. Persons taking no active part in hostilities should be treated humanely (including military persons who have ceased to be active as a result of sickness, injury, or detention). The Geneva Conventionsare intended to be an emphatic avowal before the world that the humanitarian principles of justice and compassion must govern and determine the treatment of man by man if our civilization is to be worthy of the name. This instrument recognizes an additional emblem - composed of a red frame in the shape of a square on edge on a white ground - which has come to be known as the 'red crystal'. Both Protocol I and II (hereinafter "the 1977. Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, March 26, 1999 The Geneva Convention (war crimes) - Gilead has and is violating basically all of it. There are three Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, two of which were adopted in 1977 and the third in 2005. This page was last edited on 25 February 2022, at 06:54. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977. prohibit to make cultural property the object of reprisal without exception for military necessity. Two additional protocols to the 1949 agreement were approved in 1977. A nation has sovereignty within its borders, and must not accept judgments by and orders from other countries. %PDF-1.5 Convention I: Aside from being immoral, collective punishment is illegal under international law, specifically Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II. Places/dates of conclusion. moen 1222 cartridge replacement instructions. Citation Information for Geneva Conventions and Protocols The four Geneva Conventions and their additional Protocols form the modern framework for the treatment of soldiers, prisoners of war and non-combatants during wartime. Protocol 1 of the Geneva Convention is a formal agreement between two or more countries that regulate the conduct of war. <>>> Title. 1 the applicability, universality and customary nature of the geneva conventions (the conventions) 2 is not in doubt. 2 0 obj narrows the definition of a military object. Additional Protocol II aims to develop and supplement Article 3 common to all four 1949 Geneva Conventions, the only provision of international humanitarian law (IHL) applicable to non-international armed conflicts before the adoption of Protocol II. HERITAGE FOR PEACE: We believe that cultural heritage is a common ground for dialogue and a tool to build peace. The money is primarily for such purposes, not for "killing Jews" 06 Nov 2022 12:15:02 Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts Signed on 12 December 1977 - Entry into Force 7 December 1978 Table of Contents Preamble PART I: General Provisions Article 1 - General principles and scope of application Article 2 - Definitions Entry into force on 7 December 1978, in accordance with Article 23. To see the full text and articles of the Geneva Convention and its Additional Protocols, click here. The Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions In the two decades that followed the adoption of the Geneva Conventions, the world witnessed an increase in the number of non-international armed conflicts and wars of national liberation. Registration Number. It defines certain international laws that strive to provide better protection for victims of internal armed conflicts that take place within the borders of a single country. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977. The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for. endobj Protocol II Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts . For other topics, see, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, "Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977", Committee of the Red Cross: Full text of Protocol II with commentaries, List of countries that have ratified Protocol II, List of countries that have signed but not yet ratified Protocol II, International Review of the Red Cross, 1997 No. The Geneva Conventions entered into force on October 21, 1950. The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts was adopted on 8 June 1977. 3 0 obj The additional protocol ii geneva conventions provided, additional hurdles need. The Model Additional Protocol was designed for all States that have concluded any of the three types of safeguards agreements with the IAEA. What it has not ratified are Protocols I and II, which are essentially expansions to the underlying treaties. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol 1) ADOPTED 08 June 1977 BY Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed Conflicts View ratification status by country Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Aside from being immoral, collective punishment is illegal under international law, specifically Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II. outlaws excessive incidental harm to the civilian population and civilian objects. Protocol II II Geneva Protocol II Non-International Protocol 2 Second Additional Protocol [[File:Geneva Conventions Protocol II Signatories.svg|thumb|right|260px|A map showing the current status of Protocol by country, as of April 2019:wikipedia. x[]6}G((Lf6E }XeH$_\3m-yIsTO^yOo7o/_Q+y~n/_h_H~L_=_&fxRDMT|( Cf]_&yNIYmIE^SWun)^v*Gcu;2i+0Ou?=Z{:]N_~4lxxN_*i>q'L Protocol Additional To The Geneva Conventions Of 12 August 1949 And Relating To The Protection Of Victims Of Non International Armed Conflicts Protocol Ii Geneva 8 June 1977 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with War categories. 17513. According to its Article 1, the Protocol applies to armed conflicts which take place 'in the territory' of a state party 'between its armed forces and dissident armed forces or other organized armed groups which, under responsible command, exercise such control over a part of its territory as to enable them to carry out sustained and concerted military operations and to implement th[e] Protocol. Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the protection of vic tims of non-international armed conflicts (Protocol II) (with Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference on the reaffirmation and development of international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts dated . Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-Int'l Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) of 8 June 1977 Justin Adriel Espaldon Ordoyo U.P. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) ADOPTED 08 June 1977 BY by the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed Conflicts Share Download: PDF First Geneva Convention on the treatment of battlefield casualties in the field Jus in bello Targeted killing Protocol II, a 1977 amendment adopted relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts Protocol III, a 2005 amendment adopted specifying the adoption of the Red Crystal emblem United Nations Mercenary Convention Historically, international law of armed conflict addressed traditional declarations of war between nations. . Some of national societies and protocols apply to surrender to be attacked. <> Application The Geneva Conventions apply at times of war and armed conflict to governments who have ratified its terms. endobj It serves to supplement and develop the regime codified in common Article 3 to the Geneva . Humanitarian principles should apply regardless of the identity of the combatants. By State Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. 75 1) There's less than meets the eye in the Administration's announcement that it will now apply Article 75 ("fundamental guarantees") of the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions, despite that the U.S. is not a party to the treaty; In that could in the senate executive report has occurred or damage would fail to additional protocol i of the geneva convention not without the structure and. The Protocol was adopted by the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts in Geneva. By entering this website you agree that we use cookies in order to understand visitor preferences and keep improving our service. Rue de Lausanne 120B, Case Postale 1063, 1211 Genve 1 2022, Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts, Excerpts of the 1977 Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions (pdf), Projectile Electric-Shock Weapons (Tasers), 2003 Elements for Effective Legislation on Arms Brokering, 2003 Elements on Man-Portable Air Defence Systems, International Small Arms Control Standards (ISACS), Commission of Inquiry on Syria (Human Rights Council). Similar to the amendment to a principal Act, the Protocol II of Geneva Conventions was introduced on 8 June 1977 together with Protocol I to strengthen the enforcement and protection given to the civilians during the wars in the . Rue de Lausanne 120B, Case Postale 1063, 1211 Genve 1 2022. Products and services. Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW Answers to Your Questions 2; Abortion and the Laws of War: Subverting Humanitarianism by Executive Edict; Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) this protocol reaffirms and supplements the provisions of the four geneva conventions of 12 august 1949 ("the geneva conventions") and, where applicable, of their two additional protocols of 8 june 1977 ("the 1977 additional protocols") relating to the distinctive emblems, namely the red cross, the red crescent and the red lion and sun, and shall In 2005, a third Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions was adopted. The topic of applicability has generated some controversy. These Conventions have reached near-universal ratification. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> It was signed on 12 December 1977. The additional Protocol II consisted of 28 Articles and the articles have been divided into 5 parts which each of them covered different subject matters. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts (Protocol II) Participant (s) Submitter. Arms Control and Disarmament Agreements; Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 August 12 of Conventions Geneva the to Additional Protocols All except Protocol III should be cited to United States Treaties and/or United Nations Treaty Series. According to Article 13 of the Protocol, 'The civilian population and individual civilians shall enjoy general protection against the dangers arising from military operations'. The rationale given by President Reagan to the Senate for not pursuing ratification was that the protections of . citation; can be found on the ICRC . prohibit the use of cultural property in support of the military effort. Protocol II, thus, applies in a narrower set of circumstances than Common Article 3. Additional Protocol II was a treaty signed by the United States and the United Kingdom . Other relevant additional protocols are the 1980 Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices and the amendments of 1996. However, the United States, Iran, and Pakistan signed it on 12 December 1977, which signifies an intention to work towards ratifying it. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conicts, 8 June 1977, UN Doc A/32/144, Appendix II (1977 . It prohibits Pillage: State Parties must act to prevent or, if it has commenced, to stop individual pillage, and may not conduct or authorize organised pillage. stream Adopted in reaction to the horror of World War II, they clarify and codify the many rules of the laws of armed conflict that had been established in earlier treaties. The money is primarily for such purposes, not for "killing Jews" 06 Nov 2022 13:21:57 The Geneva Convention (1949) contains certain provisions that specifically forbid intentional or gratuitous damage to undefended cultural heritage by invading or occupying forces. Article 1 (1) of the Additional Protocol II deals with the scope of application of the protocol or known as the article that recognized non-international conflicts. 3 their universal ratification imposes an obligation to respect and to ensure that others comply with the rules in armed conflicts. [5] First, that the distinction between internal and international armed conflict is artificial from the point of view of a victim. Protocol III Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem. Open navigation menu <> At present, 168 States are party to Additional Protocol I and 164 States to Additional Protocol II, this still places the 1977 Additional Protocols among the most widely accepted legal instruments in the world. [3] The Iranian signature was given prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Additional Protocol II develops and supplements common Article 3 and applies in . Additional Protocol I, Part IV Geneva Convention relative to the protection of c ivilian persons in time of war (Convention IV of 12 August 1949) Chapter V Protection of victims of non -international armed conflicts Article 3 common to the four Conventions and additional Protocol II They: In addition, Additional Protocol I confirms that cultural property falls within civilian objects as it is not a military objective. endobj The Geneva Convention (1949) contains certain provisions that specifically forbid intentional or gratuitous damage to undefended cultural heritage by invading or occupying forces. College of Law 2. Unofficial United States Guide to the First Additional Protocol to the . 214 Related Articles Article 53 clearly forbids the destruction of all property (real or personal), whether private or State, religious or other. u the Convention against Torture, Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1984. u the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989. u the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006. u the Foundational Statute of the International Criminal Court. Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and relating to the Protection of Victims on Non-International Armed Conflicts s igned on 12 December 1977 - Entry into Force 7 December 1978 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREAMBLE PART I: SCOPE OF THIS PROTOCOL Article 1 - Material field of application Article 2 - Personal field of application The Enyclopedia aims to provide accurate, up-to-date information on weapons, the effects of their use, and their regulation under public international law, in a format that is accessible to non-specialists. % Privacy Policy|Terms of Use|Disclaimer|Web design by Optima. It obliges members of the battlefield to follow certain rules of behavior, in order to protect the population and military members. These efforts resulted in Protocol II of the Geneva Conventions. Rape is considered a war crime, so is forced pregnancy. "u z7}OiRzI\!7Jd%$? Q{\j`:r/>XQPU!j/I"Z)IeAp4eoRTk+~8~9nDsNwb/B Xr=}tcqzS-k]z4+(u|g4% 7 VK{WqYq{ap$k^7}Qz|ACVUD 4_|?y(\X{gILf3C?7d_v3$2>'2H\qsBKsquC2s2]vVu1Nhz>)|qWm3(W5e+G2 eXw. 1977 Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions. Common Article 3 applies to armed conflicts that are not of an international character, but that are contained within the boundaries of a single country. The details of applicability are spelled out in Common Articles 2 and 3. In response, two Protocols Additional to the four 1949 Geneva Conventions were adopted in 1977. Abbreviations AP II Second Additional Protocol of 1977 HCP High Contracting Parties WSS Wounded, sick and shipwrecked States with comprehensive safeguards agreements (CSAs) that decide to conclude and bring into force additional protocols must accept all provisions of the Model Additional Protocol. The debate over this protocol centered on two conflicting ideas. In 1977 two Additional Protocols were added, and a third was added in 2005. RT @DrTalAbdulrazaq: Anyone sane would know his family is innocent. How far as additional prohibited in geneva convention additional protocol ii shall be a matter for example, medical personnel in armed conflict, no civilians as authorizing any way is. 1977 Additional Protocol II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions seeks to protect the victims of certain non-international armed conflicts. It prohibits Pillage: State Parties must act to prevent or, if it has commenced, to stop individual pillage, and may not conduct or authorize organised pillage. Additional Protocol I then: These rules are mostly backed by penal sanctions (OKeefe, 2006). As of July 2020, the Protocol had been ratified by 169 countries, with the United States, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Israel being notable exceptions. 320, President Reagan's message to the Senate on Protocols I & II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protocol_II&oldid=1073891181, Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Treaties of the People's Republic of Benin, Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, Treaties of the People's Republic of China, Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Treaties of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia, Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic, Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia, Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (19852011), Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles, Treaties extended to the British Antarctic Territory, Treaties extended to the British Indian Ocean Territory, Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands, Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands, Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Treaties extended to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Treaties extended to Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Six months after two instruments ratification or accession were deposited, English, Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French, Russian. It prohibits Pillage: State Parties must act to prevent or, if it has commenced, to stop individual pillage, and may not conduct or authorize organised pillage. Anyone sane would know his family is innocent. To give effect to this protection, the Protocol provides: The civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack. Article 4 on 'Fundamental guarantees' contains a prohibition on ordering that there shall be no survivors (the rule on giving quarter), which has implications for the legality of some means or methods of warfare. The final version of 1977 Additional Protocol II does not contain provisions specific to means or methods of warfare, although such provisions were included in earlier drafts. 'Protocol II, thus, applies in a narrower set of circumstances than Common Article 3. Additional Protocol II. Dec. 8, 2005: No U.S.T. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols, and their Commentaries. Sell on bidorbuy Daily Deals Stores Promotions. Thus, we support heritage workers in the protection of cultural heritage for future generations. Protocol II is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts. While the 1949 Geneva Conventions have been universally ratified, the Additional Protocols have not. State parties (169) - State signatories (3) Acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the civilian population are prohibited. u the Hague and Geneva Conventions. 1977 Additional Protocol II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions seeks to protect the victims of certain non-international armed conflicts. When the Geneva Conventions were updated in 1949 after the Second World War, delegates sought to define certain minimum humanitarian standards to situations that had all the characteristics of war, without being an international war.[4]. the Geneva Conventions, whether or not they are signatories of this Protocol, of: 328 ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL III OF 2005 0031-0330 irl.qxd 2.3.2009 14:21 Page 328 . The persons living in excessive in cases in combat robots, and ii being annihilated, geneva convention additional protocol ii threshold is. The protocol additional to the Geneva conventions for the protection of victims of international armed conflicts and the United Nations convention on the law of the sea Elmar Rauch 1984-11-28 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (II). Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights It forbids in all circumstances the use of booby-traps and of certain other devices which are in any way attached to or associated with historic monuments, works of art or places of worship. It provides limited protection to victims, including: By the 1970s, diplomats were attempting to negotiate clarifications to the brief language of Article 3, and to extend the scope of international law to cover additional humanitarian rights in the context of internal conflicts. Aunt Lydia is def a war criminal, too. A) Three points on AP I, Art. School Blogs If such additional protocol. Protocol III (2005) relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem. today we are informing the chair and ranking member of the senate foreign relations committee that we intend to seek, as soon as practicable, senate advice and consent to ratification of the additional protocol ii to the 1949 geneva conventions, which elaborates upon safeguards provided in common article 3 and includes more detailed standards prohibit attacks against cultural property. 1977 Additional Protocol I to Geneva Conventions | jmartinez@law.stanford.edu | March 20, 2014 . In 2005 a third protocol additional to the Geneva Conventi ons was adopted, establishing a new emblem, the red crystal, which is equal in status to the red cross and red crescent. u the African Charter Geneva Protocols of 1977 on the Humanitarian Law of Armed. Notification to the Governments of the States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims; IHL and Other R; Contents CHAPTER 18; Annex A.

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