how to find expected value in excel

% Use the combination of INDEX and MATCH functions instead. In the first row, enter column labels: A1: Investment B1: Gain A C1: Probability of Gain A We've updated our Privacy Policy, which will go in to effect on September 1, 2022. View Thumbs. She learned how technology can enrich both professional and personal lives by using the right tools. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. >c |Z=]{6K`5 )SVT\vg]U{:0k6)oQb]H+)>n7D+C4M)Hv 3U^+]htS}DX;orB@Ulsc&>TH3 :{ddyiE*&rFX:|(!{B$iGj6u2du For example, the present value of $100 that I'll get 5 years from now at a 10% discount rate would be: PV = $100 * 1/ (1+0.1)5 = $100 * 1/1.1^5 = $100 * 1/1.61 = $62.11. He has also spent 10+ years as a journalist. Nick Lioudis is a writer, multimedia professional, consultant, and content manager for Bread. We would calculate the expected value for winnings to be: Expected value = 0.05 . Multiply Step 1 and Step 2. Enter the following values in the corresponding cells to test the functionality of the bond yield calculator. Determine the probability and impact of each risk (opportunities and threats) based on data. Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. So, we can't use VLOOKUP. Find Highest Value Using Conditional Formatting 4. Then, according to the formula, the probability of all the random values is multiplied by the respective probable random value. You are going to be calculating the mean and the variances using expected value. Copy. The above spreadsheet on the right shows the FVSCHEDULE function used to calculate the future value of an investment of $10,000 that is invested over 5 years and earns an annual interest rate of 5% for the first two years and 3% for the remaining three years.. <>>> Investopedia does not include all offers available in the marketplace. How do you calculate expected return on CAPM? To find the value in the third row and fourth column in the first area, you would enter this formula: In this formula, you see the two areas, 3 for the third row, 4 for the fourth column, and 1 for the first area A1 through E4. How to Calculate Gain and Loss on a Stock, Using Microsoft Excel to Calculate 'The Rule of 72', Using Excel to Calculate a Weighted Average. Steps: 1.Open WPS Excel /Spreadsheet file where you want to find matching values in two different columns in excel. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. This last example employsthe INDEX and MATCH functions together to return the earliest invoice number and its corresponding date for each of five cities. As the standard disclosure says, past performance is no guarantee of future results. In the example spreadsheet, the value of the initial investment of $10,000 is stored in cell B1 and the interest rates over each of the . Assign monetary value of the impact of the risk when it occurs. Check the 'Analysis ToolPak'. Method 1 Learning to Find any Expected Value 1 Identify all possible outcomes. MAKE + MISS: -$4.505 + $0.495 = -$4. When you purchase through our links we may earn a commission. %PDF-1.5 Let's say that we repeat this experiment over and over again. So, we can't use VLOOKUP. Array Form provides the value of a certain cell range, or array. The formula still returns a value of 7, when a value of 4 is expected. For more examples of using INDEX and MATCH instead of VLOOKUP, see the article https://www.mrexcel.com/excel-tips/excel-vlookup-index-match/ by Bill Jelen, Microsoft MVP. To find the value using the same cell ranges, row number, and column number, but in the second area instead of the first, you would use this formula: =INDEX ( (A1:E4,A7:E10),3,4,2) The fourth argument is empty, so the function returns an approximate match. The default is "By Rows." If we switch to "By Columns," Excel will find all matches in one column before moving on to the next column. Expected NPV is the sum of the product of NPVs under different scenarios and their relevant probabilities. Forward price-to-earnings (forward P/E) is a measure of the P/E ratio using forecasted earnings for the P/E calculation. Compound interest is the interest on savings calculated on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods. Steps to Calculate Expected Monetary Value (EMV) To calculate the EMV in project risk management, you need to: Assign a probability of occurrence for the risk. Step 4: Finally, the formula for present value can be derived by discounting the future cash (step 1) flow by using a discount rate (step 2) and a number of years (step 3) as shown below. This means that the column containing the value you look up should always be located to the left of the column containing the return value. Once you have calculated the present value of each periodic payment separately, sum the values in the Present Value column. Step 2: Enter all values numerically and separate them by commas. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Follow these steps to calculate a stock's expected rate of return in Excel: 1. Key. Expected value analysis. Next we will calculate (O-E)2 / E for each cell in the table where: O: observed value. See screenshot: Note: In above formula, B11 is the interest rate, B12 is the maturity year, B10 is the face value, B10*B13 is the coupon you will get . How to identify value bets However, a negative EV doesn't mean you're going to lose money. Using an approximate match, searches for the value 1 in column A, finds the largest value less than or equal to 1 in column A, which is 0.946, and then returns the value from column C in the same row. In column B, list the names of each investment in your portfolio. Read about Expected Value on the https://camustudios.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/KNOW/pages/721649839 page. You want to calculate expected value sum up the products of the X's (Column A) times their probabilities (Column B). Timothy has helped provide CEOs and CFOs with deep-dive analytics, providing beautiful stories behind the numbers, graphs, and financial models. Then, enter the names of the three investments in cells B2 through B4. prob_range: The range of probabilities associated with each x value. How to Calculate Macaulay Duration in Excel. Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and funding expert, and an educator of fintech and strategic finance in top universities. Our blog has numerous collections of videos from the most effective sources appropriate to what you are seeking such as Expected Value_Part I - YouTube, CHi Squared Expected - YouTube and also Calculate Average Excluding Zeros - Excel - YouTube. Looks up "Bolts" in row 1, and returns the value from row 4 that's in the same column (column C). The INDEX Function in ExcelUse INDEX in Array FormUse INDEX in Reference Form. the actual value of X. <> This compensation may impact how and where listings appear. Next, in cells E2 through E4, enter the formulas = (C2 / A2), = (C3 / A2) and = (C4 / A2) to render the investment weights of 0.45, 0.3, and 0.25, respectively. Calculate the EMV for each risk and sum up the EMVs to get the average EMV or contingency reserve for your project. Find Absolute Highest Value in an Excel Column Conclusion Related Articles Download Practice Workbook 4 0 obj Chi Square Test in Excel is one such statistical function used to calculate the expected value from a dataset with observed values.Excel is a versatile tool to analyze data visually as well as statistically. 1 0 obj Looks up the number 3 in the three-row array constant, and returns the value from row 2 in the same (in this case, third) column. By submitting your email, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Example #1 The best example to understand the expected value is the dice. Then, INDEX uses that value as the lookup argument, and finds the population for Chicago in the 4th column (column D). The value you get after performing Step 3 is the Expected Monetary Value. In column D, enter the expected return rates of each investment. How to Calculate Expected Value. If the first cash flow occurs at the start of the first period, the first value . Calculating Total Expected Return in Excel, The Power of Compound Interest: Calculations and Examples, Return on Equity (ROE) Calculation and What It Means, Net Present Value (NPV): What It Means and Steps to Calculate It, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Formula and Calculation, Forward Price-to-Earnings (P/E): What It Is, What It Tells You, How to Use the Time-Weighted Rate of Return (TWR) Formula. Note:The Lookup Wizard feature is no longer available inExcel. To work out the expected value of a 50 bet on Manchester United to win is calculated as: (89 * 0.36) - (50 * 0.66) = - 0.96 The EV is negative for this bet, suggesting that over time you would lose on average 96p for every 50 staked. Following is a video regarding These new functions work in any direction and return exact matches by default, making them easier and more convenient to use than their predecessors. Then the probability distribution function for x is called the binomial distribution, B(n, p), whose frequency function (aka probability density function) is f(x) = C(n, x)px(1-p)n-x If G flips a coin and it lands heads up then R . Or, you can use Excel's built-in NPV function. To evaluate the expected monetary value: Identify all the risks confronting the project. Control All Your Smart Home Devices in One App. Instead, we'll use the MATCH function to find Chicago in the range B1:B11. Finally, all the results add together to derive the expected value. We copy and paste the formula to the remaining cells. TI&r%H/gp;9$@o}m@_cS hAu-*L7?6w{*oZsTx,@4tP7G@8Il0_`&0C@lWI,CK^7 VC/d7M`XaT:nTuvyySO~E' k9.24U~:zvoXKf' ,)( ? im9%`_XHjf5B-.H"AI'*-< B+'PP`ufRbE There are three rows of values in the array constant, each row separated by a semicolon (;). Another easy and quick option to get multiple values in excel is to use the Autofilter. This is done to fill values in the entire table, as shown in the following image. Click 'Add-ins' on the left sidebar of the window. Step 3: Calculate (O-E)2 / E for each cell in the table. Using the expected return formula above, in this hypothetical example, the expected rate of return is 7.1%. This is the chi-square statistic: 5.094. Join 425,000 subscribers and get a daily digest of news, geek trivia, and our feature articles. The formula is given E is for E and P is for P. . Highlight a Row Using Conditional Formatting, Hide or Password Protect a Folder in Windows, Access Your Router If You Forget the Password, Access Your Linux Partitions From Windows, How to Connect to Localhost Within a Docker Container. Basic Financial Calculation - pt.1. The time-weighted rate of return (TWR) measures the rate of return of a portfolio by eliminating the distorting effects of changes in cash flows. How Do You Calculate the Sharpe Ratio in Excel? With her B.S. To use the 'Moving Average' tool, click 'Data' from the tab list: On the 'Analysis' group, click the 'Data Analysis . Excel Function: Excel provides the following function in support of the Weibull distribution where and are the parameters in Definition 1. After you install the new data analysis tools, you can follow the steps below to calculate the p-value: Input your data samples into an Excel spreadsheet. Were using two cell ranges here, A1 through E4 (first area) and A7 through E10 (second area). Step 6: Square your results from Step 5 and place the amounts in the (Obs-Exp)2 column. Find Highest Value in a Column Using MAX Function in Excel 2. Enter eitherTRUE or FALSE. Understanding the expected value of information (EVI) At first, it may seem paradoxical that you can estimate the value of information about an uncertain quantity X before you find out the information -- e.g. Expected Values; Microsoft Excel; SUMPRODUCT; Related Videos. However, using SUMPRODUCT, you can write a formula like this: = SUMPRODUCT ( LEN (A1:A10)) When used with a range like A1:A10, LEN will return an array of 10 values. Expected NPV = (p Scenario NPV) Scenario NPV is the NPV under a specific scenario while p stands for the probability of occurrence of each scenario. 3 0 obj In cell A2, enter the value of your portfolio. Click the "Data" tab on the ribbon at the top of the Excel program. Type .09 into cell B4 (Annual Required Return). Step 1: Initially, we need to determine how much we are going to invest and worth of the investment at the beginning of the investment. To begin, you must be able to identify what specific outcomes are possible. In this example, the expected return is: = ([0.45 * 0.035]+ [0.3 * 0.046]+ [0.25 * 0.07])= 0.01575 + 0.0138 + 0.0175= .04705, or 4.7%. Over the long run of several repetitions of the same probability experiment, if we averaged out all of our values of the random variable, we would obtain the expected value. Usually it's a wager, an investment, etc. This sum equals the present value of a 10-year lease with annual payments of $1,000, 5% escalations and a rate inherent in the lease of 6%, or $9,586. ="Atlanta = "&INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("Atlanta",$B$2:$B$33,0),1)& ", Invoice date: " & TEXT(INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("Atlanta",$B$2:$B$33,0),3),"m/d/yy"), ="Austin = "&INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("Austin",$B$2:$B$33,0),1)& ", Invoice date: " & TEXT(INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("Austin",$B$2:$B$33,0),3),"m/d/yy"), ="Dallas = "&INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("Dallas",$B$2:$B$33,0),1)& ", Invoice date: " & TEXT(INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("Dallas",$B$2:$B$33,0),3),"m/d/yy"), ="New Orleans = "&INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("New Orleans",$B$2:$B$33,0),1)& ", Invoice date: " & TEXT(INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("New Orleans",$B$2:$B$33,0),3),"m/d/yy"), ="Tampa = "&INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("Tampa",$B$2:$B$33,0),1)& ", Invoice date: " & TEXT(INDEX($A$2:$C$33,MATCH("Tampa",$B$2:$B$33,0),3),"m/d/yy"), Lookup and reference functions (reference), Use the table_array argument in a VLOOKUP function, https://www.mrexcel.com/excel-tips/excel-vlookup-index-match/. Suppose that we have a random variable associated with a probability experiment. Mathematically, the expected value equation represents as below, Expected value = p1 * a1 + p2 * a2 + + pn * an = = in Pi * ai "Mutual Funds, Past Performance.". Preview unavailable The result is the Expected Value 5. Can you do expected value on Excel? To calculate the EV of this bet, we simply multiply the probability of each outcome (as a decimal) by its respective result, and add them together (for a less hands-on approach, you can use an expected value calculator): MISS: 0.099 x $5 = $.495. Instead, we'll use the MATCH function to find Chicago in the range B1:B11. Type 10,000 in cell B2 (Face Value). in Information Technology, Sandy worked for many years in the IT industry as a Project Manager, Department Manager, and PMO Lead. Calculate the returns of the closing price Returns = Today's Price - Yesterday's Price / Yesterday's Price. Click the "Data Analysis" icon from the "Analysis" group. I have selected Cell B5, as I need to filter all the names, Emily. Finally, in cell F2, enter the formula = ([D2*E2] + [D3*E3] + [D4*E4]) to find the annual expected return of your portfolio. The "search" option determines the order that Excel looks through cells. Type Another test in cell A5, and then press ENTER. in Information Technology, Sandy worked for many years in the IT industry as a Project Manager, Department Manager, and PMO Lead. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. If you enter FALSE, the function will match the value provide by the first argument. The spreadsheet is huge, so you might think it is challenging task. Excel locates the value at that intersection and provides the result from the formula. Step 8: Add up (sum) all the values in the last column. To find the expected value of a probability distribution, we can use the following formula: = x * P (x) where: x: Data value P (x): Probability of value For example, the expected number of goals for the soccer team would be calculated as: = 0*0.18 + 1*0.34 + 2*0.35 + 3*0.11 + 4*0.02 = 1.45 goals. Because the date is returned as a number, we use the TEXT function to format it as a date. Using an approximate match, searches for the value 2 in column A, finds the largest value less than or equal to 2 in column A, which is 1.29, and then returns the value from column B in the same row. stream 2 0 obj The second argument is the range of cells, C2-:E7, in which to search forthe value you want to find. Looks up "Axles" in row 1, and returns the value from row 2 that's in the same column (column A). Expected Return is calculated using formula given below Expected Return for Portfolio = Weight of Each Stock * Expected Return for Each Stock Expected Return for Portfolio = 25% * 10% + 25%* 8% + 25% * 12% + 25% * 16% Expected Return for Portfolio = 2.5% + 2% + 3% + 4% Expected Return for Portfolio = 11.5% Expected Return Formula - Example #3 First, enter the following data labels into cells A1 through F1: Portfolio Value, Investment Name, Investment Value, Investment Return Rate, Investment Weight, and Total Expected Return. Then you could use SUM to add up all 10 numbers. <> Probability describes the likelihood that some event occurs.. We can calculate probabilities in Excel by using the PROB function, which uses the following syntax:. . This example shows you how the function works. Create the (x-)^2 column Create a new column called ( x- )^2 In column C, enter the total current value of each of your respective investments. The computations of EMV, for alternative possible values of A, are shown in the following table : In our example, = 3 and = 2 Thus, the expression for the expected marginal profit of the Ath unit = (3 + 2)P(D A)- 2 = 5P(D A)- 2. Reference Form provides a reference to specific cells and is useful when working with nonadjacent cells. Px = Probability distribution X = Outcomes Examples of EV Below are some examples of the expected value. If it didn't, you'd have to enter one of the values in columns C or D to get a result at all. You want to know how many loaves Harrington will sell on average and the variance of the distribution. Expected value is the anticipated utility of a given opportunity, whatever it is. In the example above, assume that the three investments total $100,000 and are government-issued bonds that carry annual coupon rates of 3.5%, 4.6%, and 7%. MAKE: 0.901 x -$5 = -$4.505. make sure not to select the Occurrences column! Then SUMPRODUCT will simply sum all values and return the result, with no helper column needed. To calculate expected value, you want to sum up the products of the X's (Column A . Enter the current value and expected rate of return for each investment. In cell F2, enter the formula = ([D2*E2] + [D3*E3] + ) to render the total expected return. S How To: Find a P-Value with Excel ; How To: Generate random numbers (with decimals) in Excel ; How To: Clear data & cell contents in Excel using a macro ; How To: Conditionally format at every change in value in Excel ; How To: Graph the probability density function in an Excel file She has been an investor, entrepreneur, and advisor for more than 25 years. The syntax for the function in Reference Form is INDEX(reference, row_number, column_number, area_number) where the first two arguments are required and second two are optional. 1 1. Suppose we are given the following data on cash inflows and outflows: The required rate of return is 10%. from i = -1 to i = 0). There are certain limitations with using VLOOKUPthe VLOOKUP function can only look up a value from left to right. In this case, the Excel NPV function would give you the result as of period -1 (as if the initial investment was made one period before period 0), we have to multiply its output by (1 + r) to bring the NPV forward one period in time (i.e. xXYoF~d'IPE) oPAWzZe32I@Y -VC-5UaPuf+z:5*lUUg6yq~"(Zv|\Og,u+. The syntax for the function in Array Form is INDEX(array, row_number, column_number) where the first two arguments are required and column_number is optional. Step 2: Type your data into columns in Excel. Step 3: Click a blank cell anywhere on the worksheet and then click the "Insert Function" button on the toolbar. You enter the same arguments, but it searchesin rows instead of columns. Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time. Suppose that you have a list of office location numbers, and you need to know which employees are in each office. To find the value in the third row in the cell range C1 through C10, you would enter the following formula replacing the cell references with your own. Step 2: Then find out the worth of the investment at the end of the period. It's actually quite easy to do with alookup function. The key is that it's the expected value of information -- i.e. Observe that in cell C7, we have calculated the Interest per Period by subtracting the Yearly Inflation Rate from the Yearly Interest Rate and then dividing the value by the Number of Payments per Year. In the example above, expected return is a predictable figure. Using an approximate match, searches for the value 0.1 in column A. Return on equity (ROE) is a measure of financial performance calculated by dividing net income by shareholders' equity. Example 6-6: Calculate Expected NPV for a minimum ROR 20% to evaluate the economic potential of buying and drilling an oil lease with the following estimated cost . E: expected value. $806 million! This expected value calculator helps you to quickly and easily calculate the expected value (or mean) of a discrete random variable X. She is a FINRA Series 7, 63, and 66 license holder. NPV (rate, values) * (1+rate) When you enter a value in cell B2 (the first argument), VLOOKUP searches the cells in the range C2:E7 (2nd argument) and returns the closest approximate match from the third column in the range, column E (3rd argument). You can use the INDEX function two different ways in Excel: Array Form and Reference Form. For example, suppose in a certain game there is a 5% chance of winning $100, a 50% chance of winning $0, and a 45% chance of losing $20. The expected value is defined as the difference between expected profits and expected costs. 4 Methods to Find Highest Value in an Excel Column 1. Click 'Go' to manage the 'Excel Add-ins'. So, lets look at a more robust formula with this form of the INDEX function using nonadjacent cells. For VLOOKUP, this first argument is the value that you want to find. Using Present Value to Calculate NPV Using the figures from the above example, assume that the project will need an initial outlay of. You dont need the column number argument because the array is in a single column, C. To find the value in the third row and fifth column for the cell range A1 through E10, you would use this formula. With the following formula, you receive the value in the third row and fifth column of cells A1 through E10, just like above. Using an approximate match, searches for the value 1 in column A, finds the largest value less than or equal to 1 in column A which is 0.946, and then returns the value from column B in the same row. We can repeat this formula for each cell in the table: Step 4: Calculate the test statistic X2 and the . With thousands of articles under her belt, Sandy strives to help others use technology to their advantage. This example shows a small list where the value we want to search on, Chicago, isn't in the leftmost column. Let x be the discrete random variable whose value is the number of successes in n trials. The $62.11 present value means that at my discount rate of 10%, $62.11 would be a fair level I should invest to get $100 in 5 years. Expected Value Calculator. Have a look at the formula: (xi * P (xi)) = x1 * P (x1) + x2 * P (x2) + . How-To Geek is where you turn when you want experts to explain technology. {"serverDuration": 37, "requestCorrelationId": "1b675eb68f75f19a"}. Example: Let's say Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are flipping coins. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Calculate the standard deviation of the returns using STDEV function. By mathematical definition, the expected value is the sum of each variable multiplied by the probability of that value. The combination of the INDEX and MATCH functions are used twice in each formula first, to return the invoice number, and then to return the date. Since we launched in 2006, our articles have been read more than 1 billion times. 2.Click on the cell where you want your output to reflect.Type "=IF (COUNTIF" and press Tab.IF Function with embedded COUNTIF Function will be initiated. A dice has 6 sides, and the probability of getting a number between 1 to 6 is 1/6. Looks up "Bearings" in row 1, and returns the value from row 3 that's in the same column (column B). Tip:Before you paste the data into Excel, set the column widths for columns A through C to 250 pixels, and click Wrap Text (Home tab, Alignment group). First, enter the following data labels into cells A1 through F1: Portfolio Value, Investment Name, Investment Value, Investment Return Rate, Investment Weight,and Total Expected Return. The fourth argument is optional. When you need to obtain a value that resides in a particular spot in your spreadsheet, youll want one of Excels lookup and reference functions. Type .06 in cell B3 (Annual Coupon Rate). For many other investments, the expected rate of return is a long-term weighted average of historical price data. EV is easy to calculate: EV = (Outcome 1) (Odds of Outcome 1) + (Outcome 2) (Odds of Outcome 2) + etc. To find the expected value of the number of points the player earns, list the probability distribution in a table: Event Points earned Probability Points x Probability; Three-of-a-kind: 10: Credit: Farid Tayari. To find the expected value of a probability distribution, we can use the following formula: = x * P (x) where: x: Data value P (x): Probability of value For example, the expected number of goals for the soccer team would be calculated as: = 0*0.18 + 1*0.34 + 2*0.35 + 3*0.11 + 4*0.02 = 1.45 goals. RELATED: How to Number Rows in Microsoft Excel. Because the array covers several columns, you should include the column number argument. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Refine Videos. In the Search for a Function box, type chi and then press "Go." then click "OK" after selecting "CHITEST" from the list. This argumentcan be a cell reference, or a fixed value such as "smith" or 21,000. Using an exact match, searches for the value 0.7 in column A. Since the expected marginal profit (EMP) of the 8th unit is zero, therefore, optimal order is 8 units. Let's have a look at the steps involved in this method. To find the value using the same cell ranges, row number, and column number, but in the second area instead of the first, you would use this formula: As you can see, everything remains the same except you replace the 1 with a 2 for the second area. For example, Male Republicans would have a value of: (120-115)2 /115 = 0.2174. 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Type 3 in cell B5 (Years to Maturity). The formula used is shown in cell A14. And, she has shared those suggestions and how-tos on many websites over time. The expected return, or cost of equity, is equal to the risk-free rate plus the product of beta and the equity risk premium.For a simple example calculation of the cost of equity using CAPM, use the assumptions listed below: Risk-Free Rate = 3.0%; Beta: 0.8. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) measures an investment's annual growth rate over a period of time, assuming profits are reinvested at the end of each year. To do this, we must measure the probability of the risk in numbers between 0.0 and 1.0. Create a new cell for Standard Deviation, https://camustudios.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/KNOW/pages/721649839, This page contains information from the University of Illinois. This means we can calculate the expected frequency of customers . She learned how technology can enrich both professional and personal lives by using the right tools.

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